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Kerckhoffs's principle (also called Kerckhoffs's desideratum, assumption, axiom, doctrine or law) of cryptography was stated by Dutch-born cryptographer Auguste Kerckhoffs in the 19th century. The principle holds that a cryptosystem should be secure, even if everything about the system, except the key , is public knowledge.
Security – Security is the provision and maintenance of an operating environment that affords the necessary freedom of action, when and where required, to achieve objectives. Surprise – Surprise is the consequence of shock and confusion induced by the deliberate or incidental introduction of the unexpected.
An axiom, postulate, or assumption is a statement that is taken to be true, to serve as a premise or starting point for further reasoning and arguments. The word comes from the Ancient Greek word ἀξίωμα ( axíōma ), meaning 'that which is thought worthy or fit' or 'that which commends itself as evident'.
A maxim is thought to be part of an agent's thought process for every rational action, indicating in its standard form: (1) the action, or type of action; (2) the conditions under which it is to be done; and (3) the end or purpose to be achieved by the action, or the motive. The maxim of an action is often referred to as the agent's intention.
The principle of sovereign immunity in US law was inherited from the English common law legal maxim rex non potest peccare, meaning "the king can do no wrong." [2] In some situations, sovereign immunity may be waived by law. Sovereign immunity falls into two categories:
But the differences between the maximum possible 2025 Social Security benefit at 62, 67, and 70 show the value of delaying benefits as long as possible.
Compared to a maximum security facility, supermax prisons cost about three times more on average. [25] The 1999 average annual cost for inmates at Colorado State Penitentiary , a supermax facility, was $32,383, compared with the annual inmate cost of $18,549 at the Colorado Correctional Center, a maximum-security prison; the cost of the latter ...
1. Hip Thrust. Position a bench behind you and use the Smith machine to load up on glute-focused hip thrusts. The fixed barbell keeps the motion stable, allowing you to concentrate on performing ...