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Two antithymocyte globulin (ATG) agents licensed for clinical use in the United States are Thymoglobulin (rabbit ATG, rATG, Genzyme) and Atgam (equine ATG, eATG, Pfizer). Thymoglobulin and Atgam are currently licensed for use in the treatment of renal allograft rejection; Atgam is additionally licensed for use in the treatment of aplastic anemia.
Aplastic anemia [2] (AA) [3] is a severe hematologic condition in which the body fails to make blood cells in sufficient numbers. Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow by stem cells that reside there. [4] Aplastic anemia causes a deficiency of all blood cell types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. [5] [6]
As of March 2005, there are two preparations available to the market: Atgam, obtained from horse serum, and Thymoglobuline, obtained from rabbit serum. Polyclonal antibodies affect all lymphocytes and cause general immunosuppression, possibly leading to post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) or serious infections, especially by ...
The goal is to treat the underlying condition if it can be identified and provide supportive care. If symptomatic anemia develops, blood products may be replaced. Disease specific management may include glucocorticoids, IVIG, immunosuppressive agents, stem cell transplant, or other treatments depending on the etiology of reticulocytopenia. [7]
The treatments for cytopenia vary depending on the type of cytopenia. The treatment for anemia is rest and a diet consisting of high iron foods. Medication can also be used such as: [citation needed] Epoetin alfa, a synthetic erythropoietin that stimulates stem cells to produce red blood cells.
Non-sideropenic hypochromic anemia also known as Normochromic Normocytic Anemia [1] is a kind of anemia in which the red blood cells in circulation have a normal red color (normochromic) and the same size . Normocytic normochromic anemia is most commonly caused by a variety of chronic infections and systemic diseases. [2]
Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) or erythroblastopenia refers to a type of aplastic anemia affecting the precursors to red blood cells but usually not to white blood cells. In PRCA, the bone marrow ceases to produce red blood cells. There are multiple etiologies that can cause PRCA. The condition has been first described by Paul Kaznelson in 1922. [1]
While acquired aplastic anemia with an unknown cause is rare, it is commonly permanent and life-threatening as half of those with this condition die within the first six months. [ 10 ] The prevalence of bone marrow failure is over three times higher in Japan and East Asia than in the United States and Europe. [ 10 ]
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