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Vrata is a Sanskrit word that means "vow, resolve, devotion", [1] and refers to pious observances such as fasting and pilgrimage (Tirtha) found in Indian religions such as Hinduism and Jainism. [2][3] It is typically accompanied with prayers seeking health and happiness for their loved ones. [4][5][6]
Satya is the vow to not lie, and to speak the truth. [7] A monk or nun must not speak the false, and either be silent or speak the truth. [8] According to Pravin Shah, the great vow of satya applies to "speech, mind, and deed", and it also means discouraging and disapproving others who perpetuate a falsehood.
Most Gryhasutras and several Smritis include four Veda-vratas as samskara after graduation, as means of continuing self-education. [108] The four Vratas includes Sukriya (study Rigveda), Sakvara, Vratika and Upanishad Vrata. The rite of passage ceremony for each of these marked the start of the self study by the householder, which lasted ...
Sri Sri Ravishankar 2.1.17 The Dharmasastras list many types of Prāyaścitta or penance. These include: Abhiśasta (public confession): a person visits homes as a beggar, seeks forgiveness, confesses his crime and asks for food. Anutāpa (repentance): a person loathes the evil he did, reminds and repeats to himself "I shall not do that again". Prāṇāyāma (restraint of breath): a person ...
t. e. In Jainism, Pratima (Sanskrit: प्रतिमा) is a step or a stage marking the spiritual rise of a lay person (shravak). There are eleven such steps called pratima. [1] After passing the eleven steps, one is no longer a sravaka, but a muni (monk). Rules prescribed for laymen are divided into twelve vrata (vows) and eleven pratimas ...
Religion portal. v. t. e. Jainism emphasises that ratnatraya (triple gems of Jainism) — the right faith (Samyak Darshana), right knowledge (Samyak Gyana) and right conduct (Samyak Charitra) — constitutes the path to liberation. These are known as the triple gems (or jewels) of Jainism and hence also known as Ratnatraya.
Parshvanatha is the earliest Jain tirthankara who is generally acknowledged as a historical figure. [7] [8] [9] According to Paul Dundas, Jain texts such as section 31 of Isibhasiyam provide circumstantial evidence that he lived in ancient India. [10]
Literature of Adi kal (c. before the 15th century CE) was developed in the regions of Kannauj, Delhi, Ajmer stretching up to central India. [4] Prithviraj Raso, an epic poem written by Chand Bardai (1149 – c. 1200), is considered one of the first works in the Bhraj Bhasha literature.Chand Bardai was a court poet of Prithviraj Chauhan, the famous ruler of Delhi and Ajmer during the invasion ...