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Salbutamol is usually used with an inhaler or nebulizer, but it is also available in a pill, liquid, and intravenous solution. [8] [10] Onset of action of the inhaled version is typically within 15 minutes and lasts for two to six hours. [8] Common side effects include shakiness, headache, fast heart rate, dizziness, and feeling anxious. [8]
Salbutamol or albuterol and some other β 2 agonists, such as formoterol, also are sold in a solution form for nebulization, which is more commonly used than inhalers in emergency rooms. [9] Nebulizers continuously deliver aerosolized drug and salbutamol delivered through nebulizer was found to be more effective than IV administration. [10]
Evidence is inconclusive regarding the efficacy of levosalbutamol versus salbutamol or salbutamol-levosalbutamol combinations, though levosalbutamol is believed to have a better safety profile due to its more selective binding to β 2 receptors (primarily in the lungs) versus β 1 (primarily in heart muscle). [2] [3]
The aim of the drug development through the years has been to minimise side effects, achieve selectivity and longer duration of action. The mechanism of action is well understood and has facilitated the development. The structure of the binding site and the nature of the binding is also well known, as is the structure activity relationship.
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LABAs are designed to reduce the need for shorter-acting β 2 agonists such as salbutamol (albuterol), as they have an approximately twelve-hour duration of action, compared to about five hours for salbutamol, making them candidates for sparing high doses of corticosteroids [citation needed] or treating nocturnal asthma and providing ...