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The four classical muscles of mastication elevate the mandible (closing the jaw) and move it forward/backward and laterally, facilitating biting and chewing. Other muscles are responsible for opening the jaw, namely the geniohyoid , mylohyoid , and digastric muscles (the lateral pterygoid may play a role).
The depressor anguli oris arises from the lateral surface of the mandible. [1] Its fibers then converge. It is inserted by a narrow fasciculus into the angle of the mouth. [1] At its origin, it is continuous with the platysma muscle, and at its insertion with the orbicularis oris muscle and risorius muscle.
A concerted effort of the lateral pterygoid muscles helps in lowering the mandible and opening the jaw. Unilateral action of a lateral pterygoid muscle causes contralateral excursion (a form of mastication), usually performed in concert with the medial pterygoids. [citation needed] When they work independently, they can move the mandible side ...
The mylohyoid muscle elevates the hyoid bone and the tongue. This is particularly important during swallowing and speaking. Alternatively, if other muscles are used to keep the position of the hyoid bone fixed, then the mylohyoid muscle depresses the mandible. [1] It also functions as reinforcing the floor of mouth. [1]
Depression, in an anatomical term of motion for movement in an inferior direction. ... mandible. Lateral pterygoid muscle; lower lip. Depressor labii inferioris muscle;
There are no precise histological boundaries because the modiolus is an irregular zone where dense, compact, interlacing tissue grades into the stems of individually recognizable muscles. It is contributed to by at least nine muscles: orbicularis oris , buccinator , levator anguli oris , depressor anguli oris , zygomaticus major , zygomaticus ...
The jaw elevator muscles develop the main forces used in mastication. The force generated during routine mastication of food such as carrots or meat is about 70 to 150 newtons (16 to 34 lbf ). The maximum masticatory force in some people may reach up to 500 to 700 newtons (110 to 160 lbf ).
the lateral pterygoid muscle superiorly; the inferior border of the mandible (lingual surface) inferiorly; the medial pterygoid muscle medially (the space is superficial to medial pterygoid) the ascending ramus of the mandible laterally (the space is deep to the ramus of the mandible)