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The difference between "aft" and "stern" is that aft is the inside (on board) rearmost part of the vessel, while stern refers to the outside (offboard) rearmost part of the vessel. The stern is opposite the bow, the outside (offboard) of the front of the boat. The term derives from the Old English æftan (“behind”).
The bow of a stern-coxed boat is subject to the greatest amount of pitching, requiring the bow pair to be adaptable and quick in their movements. Boats that are bow coxed rely on communication between the bow and the cox - as the cox cannot see boats coming up from behind. The bow pair tend to be the smallest of the rowers in the boat.
The bow (/ b aʊ /) is the forward part of the hull of a ship or boat, [1] the point that is usually most forward when the vessel is underway. The aft end of the boat is the stern. [2] Prow may be used as a synonym for bow or it may mean the forward-most part of the bow above the waterline.
Vertical transom and stern of a modern cargo ship. In some boats and ships, a transom is the aft transverse surface of the hull that forms the stern of a vessel. Historically, they are a development from the canoe stern (or "double-ender") wherein which both bow and stern are pointed. Transoms add both strength and width to the stern.
A yaw motion is a side-to side movement of the bow and stern of the ship. The transverse/Y axis, lateral axis, or pitch axis is an imaginary line running horizontally across the ship and through the centre of mass. A pitch motion is an up-or-down movement of the bow and stern of the ship.
The torpedo stern or torpedo-boat stern describes a kind of stern with a low rounded shape that is nearly flat at the waterline, but which then slopes upward in a conical fashion towards the deck (practical for small high-speed power boats with very shallow drafts). [12] A Costanzi stern is a type of stern designed for use on ocean-going vessels.
Bow side refers to the starboard side of the boat which is on the right hand side of a cox facing forwards but on the left-hand side of a rower facing backwards. The usage derives from the tradition of having the bow rower's oar be on the starboard or right side of the boat.
The LWL will be shorter than the length of the boat overall (length overall or LOA) as most boats have bows and stern protrusions that make the LOA greater than the LWL. As a ship becomes more loaded, it will sit lower in the water and its ambient waterline length may change; but the registered L.W.L is measured from a default load condition.