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Herpes simplex virus 2 infects humans, most often as genital herpes. In the United States more than one in six people have the virus. [4] It is primarily a sexually transmitted infection. [5] Herpes simplex virus 2 tends to reside in the sacral ganglia. Herpes simplex virus 2 is periodically shed in the human genital tract, most often ...
A 2018 retrospective study from Taiwan on 33,000 patients found that being infected with herpes simplex virus increased the risk of dementia 2.56 times (95% CI: 2.3-2.8) in patients not receiving anti-herpetic medications (2.6 times for HSV-1 infections and 2.0 times for HSV-2 infections). However, HSV-infected patients who were receiving anti ...
According to a 2006 estimate, 57% of American adults were infected with HSV-1, [3] which is spread through droplets, casual contact and sometimes sexual contact, though most infected people never have cold sores. The rest of cases are due to HSV-2, which is typically spread through sexual contact and is the cause of genital herpes.
There are two types of herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). [1] HSV-1 more commonly causes infections around the mouth while HSV-2 more commonly causes genital infections. [2] They are transmitted by direct contact with body fluids or lesions of an infected individual. [1] Transmission may still occur when symptoms are not ...
Herpes meningitis is typically self-limiting over 2 weeks without treatment. However, empirical use of antiviral medications such as acyclovir are considered in cases of suspected HSV meningitis to prevent progression to the more rapid and fatal HSV meningoencephalitis. [7] HSV-2 is the most common herpes virus that causes meningitis. [3]
Both HSV-1, and HSV-2 can be the cause of herpetic gingivostomatitis, [5] although HSV-1 is the source of infection in around 90% of cases. [6] Herpetic gingivostomatitis infections can present as acute or recurrent. Acute infection refers to the first invasion of the virus, and recurrent is when reactivation of the latent virus occurs. [7]
Asymptomatic genital HSV-1 has been shown to be more infectious to the neonate, and is more likely to produce neonatal herpes than HSV-2. [8] [30] However, with prompt application of antiviral therapy, the prognosis of neonatal HSV-1 infection is better than that for HSV-2. [citation needed]
Infection by the type 1 strain of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) is most common; however, cases of oral infection by the type 2 strain are increasing. [14] Oral HSV-2 shedding is rare, and "usually noted in the context of first episode genital herpes." [21] In general, both types can cause oral or genital herpes. [22] [23] [24]