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(From 1777 until early 1791, and hence during all of 1790, Vermont was a de facto independent country whose government took the position that Vermont was not then a part of the United States.) At 17.8 percent, the 1790 census's proportion of slaves to the free population was the highest ever recorded by any census of the United States. [10]
The 1790 census of the United States did not reach Vermont until the following year because Vermont was not part of the United States until its admission to the Union in 1791. The 1790 census, as published, reported 16 slaves in Vermont, all in Bennington County.
Slavery abolished in 1783 in Massachusetts. Quock Walker, an escaped slave, sued for his liberty in 1783. With his victory, Massachusetts abolished slavery, declaring it incompatible with the state constitution. 1790 When the first federal census was recorded in 1790, Massachusetts was the only state in the Union to record no slaves. 1798
As a result of this, Massachusetts was the only state to have zero slaves enumerated on the 1790 federal census. (By 1790, the Vermont Republic had also officially ended slavery, but it was not admitted as a state until 1791.) Maine, in the 1790 Census, also lists no enslaved people among its population but did not become a state until 1820.
In 1790, there were 1,742 slaves in 2,432 families in Rowan County. The largest plantation, owned by Richmond Person, had 101 slaves and there were 31 families with ten or more slaves. There were six slaves mentioned in his will and seven slaves enumerated in the 1790 Census in Rowan County for Thomas Gillespie, Sr. [11] [21] [22]
The first U.S. Census in 1790 recorded 3,737 slaves in Pennsylvania (36% of the Black population). By 1810, the Black population had more than doubled, but the percentage of slaves had dropped to 3%; only 795 slaves were listed in the state.
The counts are for total population, including persons who were enslaved, but generally excluding Native Americans. According to the Census Bureau, these figures likely undercount enslaved people. [2] Shaded blocks indicate periods before the colony was established or chartered, as well as times when it was part of another colony.
According to U.S. census data there were 2,764 slaves in Connecticut as of 1790, a little over 1% of the population at the time. [9] This declined during the early part of the 19th century, with the census indicating numbers (percentages) reported as slaves in the State of 951 (.34%) in 1800, [10] 97 (.04%) in 1820 [11] and 25 (.008%) by 1830. [12]