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Mountaineering, mountain climbing, or alpinism [1] is a set of outdoor activities that involves ascending mountains. Mountaineering-related activities include traditional outdoor climbing , skiing , and traversing via ferratas that have become sports in their own right.
John Gill, performing a dynamic move at Pennyrile Forest, KY in the mid-1960s.. John Gill began mountain and rock climbing in 1953 as a traditional climber.By the mid-1950s he had begun to specialize in very short, acrobatic routes on outcrops and boulders, establishing problems in the 1950s and early 1960s considerably harder than those existing at the time.
Camp Hale was a U.S. Army training facility in the western United States, constructed in 1942 for what became the 10th Mountain Division.Located in central Colorado between Red Cliff and Leadville in the Eagle River Valley at an elevation of 9,238 feet (2,815 m), it was named for General Irving Hale.
Notable major classes of mountain sports (with sub-classes) include: Climbing-based: Mountaineering (including alpine climbing and expedition climbing ), ice climbing (including mixed climbing and dry-tooling ), rock climbing (including aid climbing , big wall climbing , and multi-pitch climbing ), and Via Ferrata climbing
This is a list of climbers and mountaineers who are notable for their activities in mountaineering (including alpine climbing), rock climbing (including aid climbing, free climbing, bouldering, speed climbing and competition climbing) or in ice climbing (including mixed climbing
The same changes that help the body cope with high altitude increase performance back at sea level. However, this may not always be the case. Any positive acclimatization effects may be negated by a de-training effect as the athletes are usually not able to exercise with as much intensity at high altitudes compared to sea level. [59]
For people in the Lower 48 states, a mountain climbing hobby can cause life insurance premiums to increase $3.50 for every $1,000. In other places, it can increase premiums by $5 or more per ...
A specific variant of a rope team is the technique of short-roping , which is used by mountain guides to help weaker clients, and which also does not employ fixed climbing protection points. [2] Rope teams are commonly used in alpine climbing, particularly for moving across glaciers and traveling along snow slopes and ridges.