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An HPV infection is caused by the human papillomavirus, a DNA virus from the papillomavirus family. [8] [9] Over 200 types have been described. [10] An individual can become infected with more than one type of HPV, [11] and the disease is only known to affect humans.
[3] [4] [5] Infection by most papillomavirus types, depending on the type, is either asymptomatic (e.g. most Beta-PVs) or causes small benign tumors, known as papillomas or warts (e.g. human papillomavirus 1, HPV6 or HPV11). Papillomas caused by some types, however, such as human papillomaviruses 16 and 18, carry a risk of becoming cancerous. [6]
Worldwide, HPV causes the second largest fraction of infection-associated cancers or 5.2% of the global cancer burden. [28] In the United States, HPV causes most cervical cancers, as well as some cancers of the vagina, vulva, penis, anus, rectum, and oropharynx (cancers of the back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils). [29]
From shaking hands to sharing towels at the pool, hand warts are easily spread.
Gardasil is designed to prevent infection with HPV types 16, 18, 6, and 11. HPV types 16 and 18 currently cause about 70% of cervical cancer cases, [13] [14] and also cause some vulvar, vaginal, [11] penile and anal cancers. [12] HPV types 6 and 11 are responsible for 90% of documented cases of genital warts. [17]
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The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common STI in the United States. [64] There are more than 40 different strands of HPV and many do not cause any health problems. In 90% of cases, the body's immune system clears the infection naturally within two years. [65]
This is especially true when it comes to vaccines, where many childhood vaccines contribute to community immunity in crucial diseases including measles, polio, and in adolescence, HPV.