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An adult horse has an average rate of respiration at rest of 12 to 24 breaths per minute. [3] Young foals have higher resting respiratory rates than adult horses, usually 36 to 40 breaths per minute. [3] Heat and humidity can raise the respiration rate considerably, especially if the horse has a dark coat and is in the sun.
A horse-diving show was an in-residence act held at New Jersey's Steel Pier. Pressure from animal-rights activists and declining demand led to the act being shuttered in the 1970s. Although there was a brief resumption of the act at the pier in 1993, it was again shut down amid opposition.
The disorders are caused by breathing gas at the high pressures encountered at the depth of the water and divers will often breathe a gas mixture different from air to mitigate these effects. Nitrox , which contains more oxygen and less nitrogen , is commonly used as a breathing gas to reduce the risk of decompression sickness at recreational ...
SIPE usually occurs during heavy exertion in conditions of water immersion, such as swimming and diving. It has been reported in scuba divers , [ 15 ] [ 16 ] apnea (breath hold) free-diving competitors, [ 17 ] [ 18 ] combat swimmers, [ 19 ] [ 20 ] and triathletes . [ 14 ]
Heat loss is a major limitation to swimming or diving in cold water. [8] The reduction in finger dexterity due to pain or numbness decreases general safety and work capacity, which consequently increases the risk of other injuries.
In fish a countercurrent flow (lower diagram) of blood and water in the gills is used to extract oxygen from the environment. [56] [57] [58] Fig. 23 The respiratory mechanism in bony fish. The inhalatory process is on the left, the exhalatory process on the right. The movement of water is indicated by the blue arrows. Oxygen is poorly soluble ...
Strangles (also called equine distemper) is a contagious upper respiratory tract infection of horses and other equines caused by a Gram-positive bacterium, Streptococcus equi. [1] As a result, the lymph nodes swell, compressing the pharynx , larynx , and trachea , and can cause airway obstruction leading to death, hence the name strangles. [ 2 ]
A 1989 study estimated that 37 percent of deaths that occurred during recreational scuba diving in Australia and New Zealand in the 1980s involved salt water aspiration syndrome. The study hypothesized—based on reports of the victims symptoms and an analysis of their equipments—that the syndrome acted as an intermediate factor, exacerbating ...