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Alpha-1 antitrypsin or α 1-antitrypsin (A1AT, α 1 AT, A1A, or AAT) is a protein belonging to the serpin superfamily. It is encoded in humans by the SERPINA1 gene . A protease inhibitor , it is also known as alpha 1 –proteinase inhibitor ( A1PI ) or alpha 1 -antiproteinase ( A1AP ) because it inhibits various proteases (not just trypsin ). [ 5 ]
Alpha-1 antitrypsin levels in the blood depend on the genotype. Some mutant forms fail to fold properly and are, thus, targeted for destruction in the proteasome, whereas others have a tendency to polymerize, thereafter being retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. The serum levels of some of the common genotypes are: [citation needed]
Fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin may be quantified in a random stool sample, or more accurately, in a 24-hour stool sampling to quantify the amount of protein loss in PLE. [8] In suspected cases of local disease, or when PLE is suspected to be due to lymph drainage abnormalities, lymphangiography may be used to localize the areas of lymphatic leakage. [8]
About Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) and AAT Deficiency Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an autosomal disorder that results in disease of the lungs and liver, and afflicts roughly 10,000 patients ...
The alpha-1 fraction does not disappear in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, however, because other proteins, including alpha-lipoprotein and orosomucoid, also migrate there. As a positive acute phase reactant, AAT is increased in acute inflammation. [citation needed] Bence Jones protein may bind to and retard the alpha-1 band. [citation needed]
Positive acute-phase proteins serve (as part of the innate immune system) different physiological functions within the immune system.Some act to destroy or inhibit growth of microbes, e.g., C-reactive protein, mannose-binding protein, [3] complement factors, ferritin, ceruloplasmin, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin.
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) ... bicarbonate and base excess show a high level of inter-method reliability between ... Alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT ...
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