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Employee motivation is an intrinsic and internal drive to put forth the necessary effort and action towards work-related activities. It has been broadly defined as the "psychological forces that determine the direction of a person's behavior in an organisation, a person's level of effort and a person's level of persistence ". [ 1 ]
A number of various theories attempt to describe employee motivation within the discipline of industrial and organizational psychology.At the macro level, work motivation can be categorized into two types, endogenous process (individual, cognitive) theories and exogenous cause (environmental) theories. [8]
McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y and Maslow's hierarchy of needs are both rooted in motivation theory. [3] Maslow's hierarchy of needs consists of physiological needs (lowest level), safety needs, love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization (highest level). [3]
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Job enrichment is a method of motivating employees where a job is designed to have interesting and challenging tasks which can require more skill and can increase pay.
The track of scientific research around employee recognition and motivation was constructed on the foundation of early theories of behavioral science and psychology. [3] The earliest scientific papers on employee recognition have tended to draw upon a combination of needs-based motivation (for example, Hertzberg 1966; Maslow 1943) theories and reinforcement theory (Mainly Pavlov 1902; B.F ...
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