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  2. Abstract and concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_and_concrete

    In philosophy and the arts, a fundamental distinction is between things that are abstract and things that are concrete.While there is no general consensus as to how to precisely define the two, examples include that things like numbers, sets, and ideas are abstract objects, while plants, dogs, and planets are concrete objects. [1]

  3. Abstraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction

    Those abstract things are then said to be multiply instantiated, in the sense of picture 1, picture 2, etc., shown below. It is not sufficient, however, to define abstract ideas as those that can be instantiated and to define abstraction as the movement in the opposite direction to instantiation. Doing so would make the concepts "cat" and ...

  4. Platonism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonism

    Platonism is the view that there exist such things as abstract objects — where an abstract object is an object that does not exist in space or time and which is therefore entirely non-physical and non-mental. Platonism in this sense is a contemporary view. [21] Most contemporary Platonists trace their views to those of Gottlob Frege.

  5. Abstract object theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_object_theory

    Abstract Objects: An Introduction to Axiomatic Metaphysics (1983) is the title of a publication by Edward Zalta that outlines abstract object theory. AOT is a dual predication approach (also known as "dual copula strategy") to abstract objects [3] [4] influenced by the contributions of Alexius Meinong [5] [6] and his student Ernst Mally.

  6. Ontology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology

    Abstract objects, by contrast, are outside space and time, such as the number 7 and the set of integers. They lack causal powers and do not undergo changes. [48] [h] The existence and nature of abstract objects remain subjects of philosophical debate. [50] Concrete objects encountered in everyday life are complex entities composed of various parts.

  7. List of philosophical concepts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_philosophical_concepts

    A priori and a posteriori; A series and B series; Abductive reasoning; Ability; Absolute; Absolute time and space; Abstract and concrete; Adiaphora; Aesthetic emotions

  8. Existence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existence

    Abstract objects, like numbers, sets, and types, have no location in space and time, and lack causal powers. [36] The distinction between concrete objects and abstract objects is sometimes treated as the most-general division of being. [37] The existence of concrete objects is widely agreed upon but opinions about abstract objects are divided.

  9. Concept - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concept

    A concept is an abstract idea that serves as a foundation for more concrete principles, thoughts, and beliefs. [1] ... psychology, and philosophy, and these ...