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Educational progressivism is the belief that education must be based on the principle that humans are social animals who learn best in real-life activities with other people. Progressivists , like proponents of most educational theories, claim to rely on the best available scientific theories of learning.
Educational essentialism is an educational philosophy whose adherents believe that children should learn the traditional basic subjects thoroughly. In this philosophical school of thought, the aim is to instill students with the "essentials" of academic knowledge, enacting a back-to-basics approach.
For example, a liberal education aims to help students be self-conscious and aware of their actions and motivations. Individuals also become more considerate for other beliefs and cultures. According to James Engel, the author of The Value of a Liberal Arts Education, A liberal education provides the framework for an educated and thoughtful ...
For example, one international study states that in some Western nations the intensity of beliefs decreases with education, but attendance and religious practice increases. [1] Other studies indicate that the religious have higher education than the non-religious. [ 2 ]
Examples of governmental institutions include the Ministry of Education in India, [92] the Department of Basic Education in South Africa, [93] and the Secretariat of Public Education in Mexico. [94] International organizations, such as UNESCO, have wielded significant influence in shaping educational standards and policies worldwide.
Educational perennialism is a normative educational philosophy. Perennialists believe that the priority of education should be to teach principles that have persisted for centuries, not facts. Since people are human, one should teach first about humans, rather than machines or techniques, and about liberal , rather than vocational , topics.
Most countries have systems of formal education (commonly compulsory), in which students progress through a series of schools. The names for these schools vary by country but generally include primary school for young children and secondary school for teenagers who have completed primary education.
Constructivism in education is rooted in epistemology, a theory of knowledge concerned with the logical categories of knowledge and its justification. [3] It acknowledges that learners bring prior knowledge and experiences shaped by their social and cultural environment and that learning is a process of students "constructing" knowledge based on their experiences.