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Synergy is an interaction or cooperation giving rise to a whole that is greater than the simple sum of its parts (i.e., a non-linear addition of force, energy, or effect). [1] The term synergy comes from the Attic Greek word συνεργία synergia [2] from synergos, συνεργός, meaning "working together".
A cost synergy refers to the opportunity of a combined corporate entity to reduce, or eliminate expenses associated with running a business. Cost synergies are realized by eliminating positions that are viewed as duplicate within the merged entity.
In evolution, cooperation is the process where groups of organisms work or act together for common or mutual benefits. It is commonly defined as any adaptation that has evolved, at least in part, to increase the reproductive success of the actor's social partners. [1]
For example, aspirin, paracetamol, and caffeine are formulated together to treat pain caused by tension headaches and migraine. Additive effect can be used to detect synergy as it can be considered as the baseline effect in methods determining whether drugs have synergistic effect.
The black walnut secretes a chemical from its roots that harms neighboring plants, an example of competitive antagonism.. In ecology, a biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other.
Microbial synergy is a phenomenon in which aerobic and anaerobic microbes support each other's growth and proliferation. In this process aerobes invade and destroy host tissues, reduce tissue oxygen concentration and redox potential , thus creating favorable conditions for anaerobic growth and proliferation.
Example of Industrial symbiosis: waste steam from a waste incinerator (right) is piped to an ethanol plant (left) where it is used as an input to their production process. Industrial symbiosis [1] a subset of industrial ecology. It describes how a network of diverse organizations can foster eco-innovation and long-term culture change, create ...
Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. Homeostasis: regulation of the internal environment to maintain a constant state; for example, sweating to reduce temperature