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A civil penalty or civil fine is a financial penalty imposed by a government agency as restitution for wrongdoing. The wrongdoing is typically defined by a codification of legislation , regulations , and decrees .
Civil forfeitures are subject to the "excessive fines" clause of the U.S. Constitution's 8th amendment, both at a federal level and, as determined by the 2019 Supreme Court case, Timbs v. Indiana, at the state and local level. [5] A 2020 study found that the median cash forfeiture in 21 states which track such data was $1,300. [6]
Williams v. Illinois, 399 U.S. 235 (1970), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that, if a person cannot afford to pay a fine, it violates the Equal Protection Clause to convert that unpaid fine into jail time to extend a person's incarceration beyond a statutory maximum length.
Short (1971) – The Supreme Court ruled that states could not automatically convert a fine into a sentence of incarceration based on indigence, and could only incarcerate for willful failure to pay on the part of those who had the means to do so. [2]: 21 [11] Fuller v. Oregon (1974) – Although the Supreme Court ruled 11 years prior in Gideon v.
A spouse's passing can affect your retirement in many ways. Your expenses will change, you may choose to downsize to a smaller home, and your tax situation may be different, for example. But it ...
Spousal benefits allow spouses to claim Social Security on the work record of a retired partner, provided certain conditions are met. First, the spouse must be at least 62 years old. First, the ...
Ellis said he served as assistant counsel to the speaker from about 1999-2000, returned to Madigan’s office as chief counsel from 2006-2007 and as special counsel in Chicago from 2012-2014, when ...
The Appellate Court is the court of first appeal for civil and criminal cases rising in the Illinois circuit courts. The circuit courts are trial courts of original jurisdiction . There are 24 judicial circuits in the state, each comprising one or more of Illinois' 102 counties. [ 7 ]