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The Lighthouse of Alexandria, sometimes called the Pharos of Alexandria (/ ˈ f ɛər ɒ s / FAIR-oss; Ancient Greek: ὁ Φάρος τῆς Ἀλεξανδρείας, romanized: ho Pháros tês Alexandreías, contemporary Koine Greek pronunciation: [ho pʰáros tɛ̂ːs aleksandrěːaːs]; Arabic: فنار الإسكندرية), was a lighthouse built by the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Ancient Egypt ...
It is situated about 48 kilometres (30 mi) southwest of Alexandria. Ruins of an ancient temple and an ancient replica of the Lighthouse of Alexandria are to be seen here. As of 2009, it was also suspected to be the burial place of Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony. [1] [2] [3]
In 1993, a dyke was to be built on the supposed site of the lighthouse of Alexandria. Empereur, Jean-Pierre Corteggiani , and around thirty scuba divers then attempted a rescue operation by starting some excavations in a 2.25 ha zone situated north-east from Fort Qaitbay.
He said that the Sultan Qaitbay travelled to Alexandria, accompanied with some other Mameluke princes, to visit the site of the old lighthouse and during this visit he ordered the building of the Citadel. In the month of Shaban 884 H, the Sultan Qaitbay travelled again to Alexandria when the construction was finished.
16th-century imagined depictions of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. From left to right, top to bottom: Great Pyramid of Giza, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Temple of Artemis, Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Colossus of Rhodes, and the Lighthouse of Alexandria Timeline, and map of the Seven Wonders. Dates in bold ...
Ruins of an ancient temple and an ancient replica of the Lighthouse of Alexandria are to be seen there. As of 2009, it was also suspected to be the burial place of Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony . [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ]
The Lighthouse was destroyed by earthquakes in the 14th century, [22] and by 1700 the city was just a small town amidst the ruins. Though smaller, the city remained a significant port for Mediterranean trade well through the medieval period, under the Mamluk sultanate, playing a part in the trade network of Italian city-states. [ 23 ]
The Tower of Hercules at A Coruña in Spain has a Roman core, and the ruins of the Dover lighthouse in England give insight into its construction; other evidence about lighthouses exists in depictions on coins and mosaics, of which many represent the lighthouse at Ostia. Coins from Alexandria, Ostia, and Laodicea in Syria also exist.