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In chemistry, initiation is a chemical reaction that triggers one or more secondary reactions. Initiation creates a reactive centre on a molecule which produces a chain reaction . [ 1 ] The reactive centre generated by initiation is usually a radical , but can also be cations or anions . [ 2 ]
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. [1] When chemical reactions occur, the atoms are rearranged and the reaction is accompanied by an energy change as new products are generated.
The activation energy (E a) of a reaction is measured in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol). [2] Activation energy can be thought of as the magnitude of the potential barrier (sometimes called the energy barrier) separating minima of the potential energy surface pertaining to the initial and final thermodynamic ...
Includes reactions that produce a free electron or a pair of ions (positive and negative). [5] [6] This process is helpful in mass spectrometry because it creates unique bands that can be used to identify molecules. [7] This process is extremely common in nature as it is considered the primary initial reaction in flames. [citation needed]
The reaction begins in the amygdala, which triggers a neural response in the hypothalamus. The initial reaction is followed by activation of the pituitary gland and secretion of the hormone ACTH. [19] The adrenal gland is activated almost simultaneously, via the sympathetic nervous system, and releases the hormone epinephrine.
Progress curve for an enzyme reaction. The slope in the initial rate period is the initial rate of reaction v. The Michaelis–Menten equation describes how this slope varies with the concentration of substrate. Enzyme assays are laboratory procedures that measure the rate of enzyme reactions. Since enzymes are not consumed by the reactions ...
Chemical kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions. It is different from chemical thermodynamics, which deals with the direction in which a reaction occurs but in itself tells nothing about its rate.
k = kinetics reaction rate constant; C 0 = initial concentration; n = reaction order = mean residence time or space-time; On the other hand, the second Damköhler number (Da II) is defined in general as: =