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Vanadium bromoperoxidases have been found in bacteria, fungi, marine macro algae (), and marine microalgae which produce brominated organic compounds. [2]It has not been definitively identified as the bromoperoxidase of higher eukaryotes, such as murex snails, which have a very stable and specific bromoperoxidase, but perhaps not a vanadium dependent one. [3]
Bromoform was discovered in 1832 by Löwig who distilled a mixture of bromal and potassium hydroxide, as analogous to preparation of chloroform from chloral. [5]Bromoform can be prepared by the haloform reaction using acetone and sodium hypobromite, by the electrolysis of potassium bromide in ethanol, or by treating chloroform with aluminium bromide.
Enzyme promiscuity is the ability of an enzyme to catalyze an unexpected side reaction in addition to its main reaction. Although enzymes are remarkably specific catalysts, they can often perform side reactions in addition to their main, native catalytic activity.
tert-Butyl bromide (also referred to as 2-bromo-2-methylpropane) is an organic compound with the formula Me 3 CBr (Me = methyl). The molecule features a tert -butyl group attached to a bromide substituent.
Likewise, 1-chloropropane and 2-chloropropane give propene. Zaitsev's rule helps to predict regioselectivity for this reaction type. In general, the reaction of a haloalkane with potassium hydroxide can compete with an S N 2 nucleophilic substitution reaction by OH − a strong, unhindered nucleophile. Alcohols are however generally minor products.
The Sonogashira reaction is a cross-coupling reaction used in organic synthesis to form carbon–carbon bonds. It employs a palladium catalyst as well as copper co-catalyst to form a carbon–carbon bond between a terminal alkyne and an aryl or vinyl halide. [1]
6A is an enzyme that catalyzes chemical reaction as following: [9] S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA adenine S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA 6-methylaminopurine m6A was primarily found in prokaryotes until 2015 when it was also identified in some eukaryotes. m6A methyltransferases methylate the amino group in DNA at C-6 position specifically to ...
The most sensitive enzyme assays use lasers focused through a microscope to observe changes in single enzyme molecules as they catalyse their reactions. These measurements either use changes in the fluorescence of cofactors during an enzyme's reaction mechanism, or of fluorescent dyes added onto specific sites of the protein to report movements ...