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Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome (BZD withdrawal) is the cluster of signs and symptoms that may emerge when a person who has been taking benzodiazepines as prescribed develops a physical dependence on them and then reduces the dose or stops taking them without a safe taper schedule.
Individuals who have had more withdrawal episodes are at an increased risk of very severe withdrawal symptoms, up to and including seizures and death. Long-term activation of the GABA receptor by sedative–hypnotic drugs causes chronic GABA receptor downregulation as well as glutamate overactivity, which can lead to drug and neurotransmitter ...
Psychotic depression persisting for more than a year following benzodiazepine withdrawal has been documented in the medical literature. The patient had no prior psychiatric history. The symptoms reported in the patient included, major depressive disorder with psychotic features, including persistent depressed mood, poor concentration, decreased ...
Used off-label for anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, bulimia, fibromyalgia and PTSD, trazodone is also commonly used to treat insomnia at a lower dosage than for depression. Trazodone has even been ...
A physical dependence develops more quickly with higher potency benzodiazepines such as alprazolam (Xanax) than with lower potency benzodiazepines such as chlordiazepoxide (Librium). [10] Symptom severity is worse with the use of high doses, or with benzodiazepines of high potency or short half-life.
The chairman stated that the "withdrawal symptoms from valium were much worse than many other drugs including, e.g., heroin". It was stated that the likelihood of withdrawing from benzodiazepines was "reduced enormously" if benzodiazepines were prescribed for longer than four months.
Anxiety, insomnia and irritability may be temporarily exacerbated during withdrawal, but psychiatric symptoms after discontinuation are usually less than even while taking benzodiazepines. [ 118 ] [ 126 ] Functioning significantly improves within 1 year of discontinuation.
Trazodone, sold under many brand names, [1] is an antidepressant medication [20] used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and insomnia. [20] It is a phenylpiperazine compound of the serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (SARI) class.