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Side-scan uses a sonar device that emits conical or fan-shaped pulses down toward the seafloor across a wide angle perpendicular to the path of the sensor through the water, which may be towed from a surface vessel or submarine (called a “towfish”), or mounted on the ship's hull.
The side-scan sonar is useful for scientists as it is a quick and efficient way of collecting imagery of the sea floor, but it cannot measure other factors, such as depth. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Therefore, other depth measuring sonar devices are typically accompanied with the side-scan sonar to generate a more detailed survey.
When used for a side-scan sonar search, the range from the central point of the curves must be great enough to give a reasonably straight-line segment, as tracks that are not straight will degrade the side-scan sonar imagery and make interpretation much more difficult. [9]:
Area coverage with a traditional side-scan sonar depends on range and at what range the resolution gets too low for the target goal of the scan. Area coverage with a synthetic-aperture sonar, with an across-track resolution that is constant all the way until the end of the range, is practically closer to the instantaneous area coverage.
Backscatter and high-frequency side-scan sonar techniques may provide faster characterisation of spoil extent, but only when the spoil's acoustic reflectivity or topology is sufficiently distinct from native sediments. SPI devices produce imagery of the sediment/water interface with sub-millimetre resolution.
Acoustic seabed classification is possible using a wide range of acoustic imaging systems including multibeam echosounders, sidescan sonar, single-beam echosounders, interferometric systems and sub-bottom profilers. Seabed classification based on acoustic properties can be divided into two main categories; surficial seabed classification and ...
Photo interpretation at the U.S. National Photographic Interpretation Center during the Cuban Missile Crisis.. Aerial photographic and satellite image interpretation, or just image interpretation when in context, is the act of examining photographic images, particularly airborne and spaceborne, to identify objects and judging their significance. [1]
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