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Hepatitis B vaccine is a vaccine that prevents hepatitis B. [13] The first dose is recommended within 24 hours of birth with either two or three more doses given after that. [ 13 ] This includes those with poor immune function such as from HIV/AIDS and those born premature . [ 13 ]
Since 1990, when the vaccine was introduced as a routine vaccination in children, rates of acute Hepatitis B has decreased in the United States by 82%. This vaccine is given as a series of shots, the first dose is given at birth, the second between 1 and 2 months, and the third, and possibly fourth, between 6 and 18 months.
Hepatitis B infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. [4] [12] As of 2022, the hepatitis B vaccine is between 98% and 100% effective in preventing infection. [1] The vaccine is administered in several doses; after an initial dose, two or three more vaccine doses are required at a later time for full effect. [1]
2003 – First vaccine for Argentine hemorrhagic fever. [16] 2006 – First vaccine for human papillomavirus (which is a cause of cervical cancer) 2006 – First herpes zoster vaccine for shingles; 2011 – First vaccine for non-small-cell lung carcinoma (comprises 85% of lung cancer cases) 2012 – First vaccine for hepatitis E [17]
Hepatitis D is a defective virus that requires hepatitis B to replicate and is only found with hepatitis B co-infection. [17] In adults, hepatitis B infection is most commonly self-limiting, with less than 5% progressing to chronic state, and 20 to 30% of those chronically infected developing cirrhosis or liver cancer. [ 30 ]
Sample vaccination schedules discussed by the World Health Organization show a developed country using a schedule which extends over the first five years of a child's life and uses vaccines which cost over $700 including administration costs while a developing country uses a schedule providing vaccines in the first 9 months of life and costing ...
Combined hepatitis A and B vaccine, is used to provide protection against hepatitis A and hepatitis B. [3] [7] It is given by injection into muscle.[8]It is used in areas where hepatitis A and B are endemic, for travelers, people with hepatitis C or chronic liver disease, and those at high risk of sexually transmitted diseases.
DTwP-HepB-Hib vaccine is a 5-in-1 combination vaccine with five individual vaccines conjugated into one. [1] It protects against diphtheria , tetanus , whooping cough , hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type B , [ 1 ] which is generally used in middle- and low-income countries , where polio vaccine is given separately.