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In the NO − 3 anion, the oxidation state of the central nitrogen atom is V (+5). This corresponds to the highest possible oxidation number of nitrogen. Nitrate is a potentially powerful oxidizer as evidenced by its explosive behaviour at high temperature when it is detonated in ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3), or black powder, ignited by the shock wave of a primary explosive.
Nitrates in drinking water can cause blue baby syndrome in infants and can react with chemicals used to treat water to create disinfection by-products in drinking water. [44] Getting direct contact with toxic algae through swimming or drinking can cause rashes, stomach or liver illness, and respiratory or neurological problems .
The resulting acid solution is the 68.5% azeotrope, and can be further concentrated (as in industry) with either sulfuric acid or magnesium nitrate. [36] Alternatively, thermal decomposition of copper(II) nitrate gives nitrogen dioxide and oxygen gases; these are then passed through water or hydrogen peroxide [38] as in the Ostwald process:
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Nitrates and nitrites extend shelf life, [citation needed] help kill bacteria, produce a characteristic flavor and give meat a pink or red color. [16] Nitrite (NO − 2) is generally supplied by sodium nitrite or (indirectly) by potassium nitrate. Nitrite salts are most often used to accelerate curing and impart a pink colour. [17]
Women who consume water with nitrates over 5 mg/L are at a higher risk of developing thyroid cancer. [25] This 5 mg/L level is 5 mg below the federally accepted limit. When consumed, nitrate can compete with iodine in the body to be taken up by the thyroid. When the thyroid intakes nitrogen instead of iodine, its function may be impaired. [26]
Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with a sharp, salty, bitter taste and the chemical formula K N O 3.It is a potassium salt of nitric acid.This salt consists of potassium cations K + and nitrate anions NO − 3, and is therefore an alkali metal nitrate.
Nitrate levels above 10 mg/L (10 ppm) in groundwater can cause 'blue baby syndrome' (acquired methemoglobinemia). [83] The nutrients, especially nitrates, in fertilizers can cause problems for natural habitats and for human health if they are washed off soil into watercourses or leached through soil into groundwater. [ 84 ]