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Through solids, however, it can be transmitted as both longitudinal waves and transverse waves. Longitudinal sound waves are waves of alternating pressure deviations from the equilibrium pressure, causing local regions of compression and rarefaction, while transverse waves (in solids) are waves of alternating shear stress at right angle to the ...
The fundamental function of this part of the ear is to gather sound energy and deliver it to the eardrum. Resonances of the external ear selectively boost sound pressure with frequency in the range 2–5 kHz. [2] The pinna as a result of its asymmetrical structure is able to provide further cues about the elevation from which the sound originated.
Damage to the auditory cortex in humans leads to a loss of any awareness of sound, but an ability to react reflexively to sounds remains as there is a great deal of subcortical processing in the auditory brainstem and midbrain. [13] [14] [15] Neurons in the auditory cortex are organized according to the frequency of sound to which they respond ...
Heschl found a cortical structure that appeared differently from most of the temporal lobe. The distinct structure occupied Brodmann area 42 and was later named the transverse temporal gyri of Heschl. [4] The discovery provided insight into the anatomical network within the primary cortex. It is the first site to process incoming sound information.
The transverse temporal gyrus, also called Heschl's gyrus (/ ˈ h ɛ ʃ əl z ˈ dʒ aɪ r aɪ /) or Heschl's convolutions, is a gyrus found in the area of each primary auditory cortex buried within the lateral sulcus of the human brain, occupying Brodmann areas 41 and 42.
In the last two decades, significant advances occurred in our understanding of the neural processing of sounds in primates. Initially by recording of neural activity in the auditory cortices of monkeys [18] [19] and later elaborated via histological staining [20] [21] [22] and fMRI scanning studies, [23] 3 auditory fields were identified in the primary auditory cortex, and 9 associative ...
The inferior colliculus is the first place where vertically orienting data from the fusiform cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus can finally synapse with horizontally orienting data. Sound location data thus becomes fully integrated by the inferior colliculus. IC are large auditory nuclei on the right and left sides of the midbrain.
The superior temporal gyrus contains several important structures of the brain, including: Brodmann areas 41 and 42, marking the location of the auditory cortex, the cortical region responsible for the sensation of sound; Wernicke's area, Brodmann area 22, an important region for the processing of speech so that it can be understood as language.