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The Society of Jesus expelled from the Kingdom of Portugal by the Royal Decree of 3 September 1759; as a carrack sets sail from Portuguese shores in the background, a bolt of lightning strikes a Jesuit priest as he attempts to set a terrestrial globe, a mitre, and a royal crown on fire; a bag of gold coins and a closed book (symbols of wealth and control of education) lie at the priest's feet.
Pope Clement XIV died suddenly on September 22, 1774, at the age of 68. His pontificate had been dominated by the problem of the Society of Jesus . The various courts under the House of Bourbon and the Kingdom of Portugal (under the House of Braganza ) urged the general suppression of the order.
Pope Clement XIV and the customs of the Catholic Church in Rome are described in letters of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and of his father Leopold Mozart, written from Rome in April and May 1770 during their tour of Italy. Leopold found the upper clergy offensively haughty, but was received, with his son, by the pope, where Wolfgang demonstrated an ...
The opening page of Dominus ac Redemptor in French and Latin. The document is forty-five paragraphs long. In the introductory paragraph Clement XIV gives the tone: Our Lord has come on earth as "Prince of peace". This mission of peace, transmitted to the apostles is a duty of the successors of Saint Peter, a responsibility the pope fulfils by encouraging institutions fostering peace and removi
Pope Clement XIV disbanded the Jesuit order in 1773 and the order was not active while work on the Constitution was ongoing. On 4 May, a total of 20 paragraphs were adopted, but on the same day there was a new debate on paragraph 2, on freedom of religion.
Portugal's Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, Marquis of Pombal was the main enemy of the Jesuits. Pope Clement XIII attempted to keep the Jesuits in existence without any changes: Sint ut sunt aut not sint ("Leave them as they are or not at all.") [13] In 1773, European rulers united to force Pope Clement XIV to dissolve the order officially ...
"Black Pope" is an unofficial designation given to the position of Superior General of the Order of the Jesuits. [2] The name follows from his leadership of the largest Catholic, male religious order [3] and from the colour of the plain black cassock worn by members of the Society, including the Superior General. [4]
The controversy embroiled many European universities; the Kangxi Emperor and several popes, including Clement XI and Clement XIV, considered the case; the offices of the Holy See also intervened. Near the end of the 17th century, many Dominicans and Franciscans had shifted their positions in agreeing with the Jesuits' opinion, but Rome disagreed.