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The Roman Empire under Hadrian (125) showing the provinces as then organised. The Roman provinces (Latin: provincia, pl. provinciae) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Each province was ruled by a Roman appointed as governor.
The second most prestigious class of cities was the municipium (plural municipia).Municipia had originally been communities of non-citizens among Rome's Italic allies. . Following the Social War, Roman citizenship was awarded to all Italy, with the result that a municipium was effectively now a community of c
City planning and urban lifestyles was influenced by the Greeks early on, [288] and in the Eastern Empire, Roman rule shaped the development of cities that already had a strong Hellenistic character. Cities such as Athens , Aphrodisias , Ephesus and Gerasa tailored city planning and architecture to imperial ideals, while expressing their ...
They were in constant conflict with the Exarchate of Ravenna, a polity established to replace the old Praetorian Prefecture of Italy and enforce Roman rule in Italy. The wealthiest parts of the province, including the cities of Rome and Ravenna, remained securely in Roman hands under the Exarchate throughout the seventh century. [120]
This is a list of cities and towns founded by the Romans. It lists cities established and built by the ancient Romans to have begun as a colony, often for the settlement of citizens or veterans of the legions. Many Roman colonies in antiquity rose to become important commercial and cultural centers, transportation hubs and capitals of global ...
The provinces not under Octavian's control were overseen by governors chosen by the Roman Senate. [133] Octavian became the most powerful political figure in the city of Rome and in most of its provinces, but he did not have a monopoly on political and martial power. [134]
The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, under Trajan (117) Lists of Ancient Roman governors are organized by the provinces of the Roman Republic and the subsequent Roman Empire , which lasted from 27 BC to 476 AD, but whose eastern part continued to 1453 AD.
Roman institutions underwent considerable changes throughout the Republic to adapt to the difficulties it faced, such as the creation of promagistracies to rule its conquered provinces, and differences in the composition of the senate. Unlike the Pax Romana of the Roman Empire, throughout the republican era Rome was in a state of near-perpetual ...