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A do-not-resuscitate order (DNR), also known as Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR), Do Not Attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DNACPR [3]), no code [4] [5] or allow natural death, is a medical order, written or oral depending on the jurisdiction, indicating that a person should not receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if that person's heart stops beating. [5]
In a 1998 study, charts of 180 residents at eight Oregon nursing facilities were evaluated over a one-year period. Where the POLST forms of residents included "do not resuscitate" and "comfort measures only" orders, none of the residents received unwanted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), intensive care, or ventilator support. [41]
These medical orders (DNR, MOST, POLST) must be signed by a physician and are the most frequently used medical directives. The DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) order expresses the patient's preference to decline cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The names of the other physician orders (MOST or POLST forms) vary by state.
Because it is a service for the dying, a majority of hospice patients have a status of DNR, or do not resuscitate. A nurse from the Vitas inpatient unit later told a social worker from the hospital that Maples’ family had cancelled a standing DNR order on the day she left in the ambulance, according to hospital records.
Since 1987, New York has had a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) law allowing surrogates to make decisions regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation on behalf of an adult patient who lacks medical decision-making capacity. [6] In 1991, the law was amended to authorize non-hospital orders not to resuscitate. [7]
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