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In enzymology, a ferredoxin-NADP + reductase (EC 1.18.1.2) abbreviated FNR, is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. 2 reduced ferredoxin + NADP + + H + 2 oxidized ferredoxin + NADPH. The 3 substrates of this enzyme are reduced ferredoxin, NADP +, and H +, whereas its two products are oxidized ferredoxin and NADPH.
The then-reduced PSI, absorbs another photon producing a more highly reducing electron, which converts NADP + to NADPH. In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor is water, creating oxygen (O 2) as a by-product. In anoxygenic photosynthesis, various electron donors are used.
The control of enzyme activity due to pH changes align with the hypothesis that NADP-ME is most active while photosynthesis is in progress: Active light reactions leads to a rise in basicity within the chloroplast stroma, the location of NADP-ME, leading to a diminished inhibitory effect of malate on NADP-ME and thereby promoting a more active ...
Location of the psa genes in the chloroplast genome of Arabidopsis thaliana.The 21 protein-coding genes involved in photosynthesis are displayed as green boxes. Photosystem I (PSI, or plastocyanin–ferredoxin oxidoreductase) is one of two photosystems in the photosynthetic light reactions of algae, plants, and cyanobacteria.
In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, ferredoxin is the last electron acceptor thus reducing the enzyme NADP + reductase. It accepts electrons produced from sunlight-excited chlorophyll and transfers them to the enzyme ferredoxin: NADP + oxidoreductase EC 1.18.1.2.
The main function of PSII is to efficiently split water into oxygen molecules and protons. PSII will provide a steady stream of electrons to PSI, which will boost these in energy and transfer them to NADP + and H + to make NADPH. The hydrogen from this NADPH can then be used in a number of different processes within the plant. [2]
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), or riboflavin-5′-phosphate, is a biomolecule produced from riboflavin (vitamin B 2) by the enzyme riboflavin kinase and functions as the prosthetic group of various oxidoreductases, including NADH dehydrogenase, as well as a cofactor in biological blue-light photo receptors. [1]
NADP is a reducing agent in anabolic reactions like the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses. NADP exists in two forms: NADP+, the oxidized form, and NADPH, the reduced form. NADP is similar to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), but NADP has a phosphate group at the C-2′ position of the adenosyl