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Chondrocytes (/ ˈ k ɒ n d r ə s aɪ t,-d r oʊ-/, [1] from Greek χόνδρος (chondros) 'cartilage' and κύτος (kytos) 'cell') are the only cells found in healthy cartilage. They produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans .
Cartilage is a resilient and smooth type of connective tissue. ... The chondrocytes present different morphologies related to their position in the tissue. [28]
The cartilage cells or chondrocytes are contained in cavities in the matrix, called cartilage lacunae; around these, the matrix is arranged in concentric lines as if it had been formed in successive portions around the cartilage cells. This constitutes the so-called capsule of the space.
Isogenous groups differentiate into individual chondrocytes where they continue to produce and deposit extracellular matrix (ECM), lengthening the cartilage and increasing its diameter. [3] [5] This is termed interstitial growth and is one of only two ways cartilage can grow. [4] Cartoon representation of hyaline cartilage with isogenous groups.
This hyaline cartilage template expands through both: [8] [9] Interstitial growth Appositional growth Cellular protagonists: Chondrocytes present within the existing cartilage. Chondroblasts that develop from the perichondrium. Mechanism: Chondrocytes proliferate and lay down matrix. Chondroblasts differentiate into chondrocytes and lay down ...
Chondroblasts are called chondrocytes when they embed themselves in the cartilage matrix, consisting of proteoglycan and collagen fibers, until they lie in the matrix lacunae. Once they embed themselves into the cartilage matrix, they grow the cartilage matrix by growing more cartilage extracellular matrix rather than by dividing further.
The epiphyseal plate, epiphysial plate, physis, or growth plate is a hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone.It is the part of a long bone where new bone growth takes place; that is, the whole bone is alive, with maintenance remodeling throughout its existing bone tissue, but the growth plate is the place where the long bone grows longer (adds length).
In embryogenesis, the skeletal system is derived from the mesoderm and ectoderm germ layers. Chondrification (also known as chondrogenesis) is the process by which cartilage is formed from condensed mesenchyme tissue, [2] which differentiates into chondrocytes and begins secreting the molecules that form the extracellular matrix.