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Crucifixions and crucifixes have appeared in the arts and popular culture from before the era of the pagan Roman Empire.The crucifixion of Jesus has been depicted in a wide range of religious art since the 4th century CE, frequently including the appearance of mournful onlookers such as the Virgin Mary, Pontius Pilate, and angels, as well as antisemitic depictions portraying Jews as ...
Crucifixion is a method of capital punishment in which the condemned is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross, beam or stake and left to hang until eventual death. [1] [2] It was used as a punishment by the Persians, Carthaginians, and Romans, [1] among others. Crucifixion has been used in some countries as recently as the 21st century. [3]
They used symbols." Carved images of crosses, fish, lambs, flowing water, doves, anchors, peacocks (a symbol of rebirth), the Tree of Life, and the Greek letters "chi-rho" meaning "Christ" began ...
Departure from normal crucifixion routine is also mentioned by Josephus (37 – c. 100) in his The Jewish War: "The soldiers, out of the wrath and hatred they bore the Jews, nailed those they caught, one after one way, and another after another, to the crosses, by way of jest, when their multitude was so great, that room was wanting for the ...
The Roman Rite requires that "either on the altar or near it, there is to be a cross, with the figure of Christ crucified upon it, a cross clearly visible to the assembled people. It is desirable that such a cross should remain near the altar even outside of liturgical celebrations, so as to call to mind for the faithful the saving Passion of ...
Cross with a longer descending arm, whereby the top of the upright shaft extends above the transverse beam. It represents the cross of Jesus's crucifixion. In Latin, it was referred to as crux immissa or crux capitata. Greek (or Hellenic) cross A type of cross with arms of equal length, used as a national symbol of both Greece, Switzerland and ...
The Koine Greek terms used in the New Testament of the structure on which Jesus died are stauros (σταυρός) and xylon (ξύλον).These words, which can refer to many different things, do not indicate the precise shape of the structure; scholars have long known that the Greek word stauros and the Latin word crux did not uniquely mean a cross, but could also be used to refer to one, and ...
The cross was actually made over a century after Lothair's death for one of the Ottonian dynasty, the successors of the Carolingian dynasty; possibly for Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor. [3] It appears to have been donated to the cathedral as soon as it was made. The cross is still used in processions today.