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Confucianism is concerned with finding "middle ways" between yin and yang at every new configuration of the world." [36] Confucianism conciliates both the inner and outer polarities of spiritual cultivation—that is to say self-cultivation and world redemption—synthesised in the ideal of "sageliness within and kingliness without". [34]
With the participation of many Confucian leaders, a national Holy Confucian Church (孔圣会; Kǒngshènghuì) was established on 1 November 2015; its current spiritual leader is Jiang Qing. Numerous sects of Chinese salvationist religions and movements such as Falun Gong have incorporated aspects of religious Confucianism.
Confucian ritual religion (s 礼教, t 禮教 Lǐjiào, "rites' transmission", also called 名教 Míngjiào, the "names' transmission"), or the Confucian civil religion, [1] defines the civil religion of China.
In traditional Confucian philosophy, li is an ethical concept broadly translatable as 'rite'. According to Wing-tsit Chan, li originally referred to religious sacrifices, but has come to mean 'ritual' in a broad sense, with possible translations including 'ceremony', 'ritual', 'decorum', 'propriety', and 'good form'.
Chinese theology, which comes in different interpretations according to the Chinese classics and Chinese folk religion, and specifically Confucian, Taoist, and other philosophical formulations, [1] is fundamentally monistic, [2] that is to say it sees the world and the gods of its phenomena as an organic whole, or cosmos, which continuously emerges from a simple principle. [3]
In Confucianism, the Sangang Wuchang (Chinese: 三綱五常; pinyin: Sāngāng Wǔcháng), sometimes translated as the Three Fundamental Bonds and Five Constant Virtues or the Three Guiding Principles and Five Constant Regulations, [1] or more simply "bonds and virtues" (gāngcháng 綱常), are the three most important human relationships and the five most important virtues.
Tian was variously thought as a "supreme power reigning over lesser gods and human beings" [5] [6] that brought "order and calm...or catastrophe and punishment", [7] a deity, [8] [9] destiny, [9] [7] an impersonal force that controls events, [5] [9] a holy world or afterlife containing other worlds or afterlives, [10] [11] or one or more of these.
Confucian churches and sects: Holy Confucian Church; ... It is known as a symbol of justice. History. According to legend, the xiezhi, ...