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Alanine transaminase (ALT), also known as alanine aminotransferase (ALT or ALAT), formerly serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) or serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), is a transaminase enzyme (EC 2.6.1.2) that was first characterized in the mid-1950s by Arthur Karmen and colleagues. [1]
Normal ranges for both ALT and AST vary by gender, age, and geography and are roughly 8-40 U/L (0.14-0.67 μkal/L). [4] Mild transaminesemia refers to levels up to 250 U/L. [ 1 ] Drug-induced increases such as that found with the use of anti-tuberculosis agents such as isoniazid are limited typically to below 100 U/L for either ALT or AST.
When ALT rises to more than 500 IU/L, causes are usually from the liver. It can be due to hepatitis, ischemic liver injury, and toxins that causes liver damage. The ALT levels in hepatitis C rises more than in hepatitis A and B. Persistent ALT elevation more than 6 months is known as chronic hepatitis.
Alt + H. Open the help menu. Alt + U. Change text to upper case. The Alt key has numerous other program-specific functions, like pressing Alt + G to access the Design tab in PowerPoint, or Alt + A ...
The proportion of AST to ALT in hepatocytes is about 2.5:1, but because AST is removed from serum by the liver sinusoidal cells twice as quickly (serum half-life t 1/2 = 18 hr) compared to ALT (t 1/2 = 36 hr), so the resulting serum levels of AST and ALT are about equal in healthy individuals, resulting in a normal AST/ALT ratio around 1.
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Ctrl+L or. F6 or Alt+D. ⌘ Cmd+L: Ctrl+L or . Alt+D or F6. g: O to alter URL, use y to copy it. Ctrl+L or Alt+D: Refresh a webpage Fn+F5 or. Ctrl+R. ⌘ Cmd+R: F5 or. Ctrl+R. R: r: or Ctrl+R: Refresh a webpage ignoring cache Ctrl+F5 or. Ctrl+⇧ Shift+R ⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+E then ⌘ Cmd+R: Ctrl+⇧ Shift+F5 or Ctrl+⇧ Shift+R: R: Ctrl+⇧ Shift ...
In Linux-based systems, the euro symbol is typically mapped to Alt+5 instead of Alt+U, the tilde acts as a normal key, and several accented letters from other European languages are accessible through combinations with left Alt. Polish letters are also accessible by using the compose key.