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In enzymology, an FMN reductase (EC 1.5.1.29) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction FMNH 2 + NAD(P)+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } FMN + NAD(P)H + H + The 3 substrates of this enzyme are FMNH2 , NAD + , and NADP + , whereas its 4 products are FMN , NADH , NADPH , and H + .
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), or riboflavin-5′-phosphate, is a biomolecule produced from riboflavin (vitamin B 2) by the enzyme riboflavin kinase and functions as the prosthetic group of various oxidoreductases, including NADH dehydrogenase, as well as a cofactor in biological blue-light photo receptors. [1]
FMN reductase (NAD(P)H) (EC 1.5.1.39, FRG) is an enzyme with systematic name FMNH 2:NAD(P) + oxidoreductase. [1] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction FMNH2 + NAD(P) + ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } FMN + NAD(P)H + H +
NAD + to NADH. FMN to FMNH 2. CoQ to CoQH 2.. Complex I is the first enzyme of the mitochondrial electron transport chain.There are three energy-transducing enzymes in the electron transport chain - NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I), Coenzyme Q – cytochrome c reductase (complex III), and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV). [1]
FADH 2 can also be oxidized by the loss of 1 H + and 1 e − to form FADH. The FAD form can be recreated through the further loss of 1 H + and 1 e −. FAD formation can also occur through the reduction and dehydration of flavin-N(5)-oxide. [8] Based on the oxidation state, flavins take specific colors when in aqueous solution.
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The conservation of the energy can be calculated by the following formula Efficiency = (21.9 x 100%) / 52 = 42% So we can conclude that when NADH is oxidized, about 42% of energy is conserved in the form of three ATPs and the remaining (58%) energy is lost as heat (unless the chemical energy of ATP under physiological conditions was ...