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Puerto Rico has a tropical climate, specifically a tropical rainforest climate, while higher elevations over 3,000 feet border on a subtropical highland climate. There is no distinct wet or dry season in El Yunque; it rains year-round. The temperature and length of daylight remain fairly constant throughout the year.
The climate of Puerto Rico in the Köppen climate classification is predominantly tropical rainforest. Temperatures throughout the year are warm to hot, averaging near 85 °F (29 °C) in lower elevations and 70 °F (21 °C) in the mountains.
The Tropical Forest Research Station was founded in 1940 and became a center for ecosystem research. [1] It was designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1976 with the objective of understanding "the long-term dynamics of tropical forest ecosystems characterized by large-scale, infrequent disturbance, rapid processing of organic material, and high habitat and species diversity".
El Yunque or El Yunque Peak (Spanish: Pico El Yunque) (Taíno: Yukiyu [1]) is a mountain located fully within the boundaries of the El Yunque National Forest, part of the U.S. Forest Service, which is the only tropical rainforest under the U.S. Forest Service jurisdiction. It is located in the municipality of Río Grande.
Puerto Rican dry forest on Caja de Muertos, south of Ponce. The dry forest life zone exist in two areas on the island of Puerto Rico - along the south coast of the island (in the dry orographic rain shadow of the Cordillera Central) and in the northeastern corner of the island near Fajardo, where the combination of low elevation and strong winds off the ocean result in a dry environment.
The Sierra de Luquillo (English: "Luquillo Mountains") is a steep-sided, high-precipitation, and deeply-forested subrange of the Cordillera Central mountain range in the main island of Puerto Rico. Separated from the southeastern Sierra de Cayey subrange by the Caguas Valley , it is concentrated from west to east in the municipalities of Rio ...
Puerto Rican moist forests are home to a variety of endemic animal species such as the critically endangered Puerto Rican amazon (Amazona vittata) and coquís (Eleutherodactylus spp.). Limestone forests are rich in land snail diversity, with many species restricted to small areas.
The forest is also considered an important bird area, many of which are migratory. 52 species of animals have been documented in the forest, including 12 of which are endemic to Puerto Rico. In addition to its flora and fauna, the forest is important as a natural protection against flooding and coastal erosion. [2]