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Puerto Rico has a tropical climate, specifically a tropical rainforest climate, while higher elevations over 3,000 feet border on a subtropical highland climate. There is no distinct wet or dry season in El Yunque; it rains year-round. The temperature and length of daylight remain fairly constant throughout the year.
The experimental forest is one of 26 sites run by the Long Term Ecological Research Network, a group of international scientists studying ecological processes over long time scales. [4] The facility was established in 1988 to study the "long-term effects of natural and human disturbances on tropical forests and streams in the Luquillo mountains".
El Yunque or El Yunque Peak (Spanish: Pico El Yunque) (Taíno: Yukiyu [1]) is a mountain located fully within the boundaries of the El Yunque National Forest, part of the U.S. Forest Service, which is the only tropical rainforest under the U.S. Forest Service jurisdiction. It is located in the municipality of Río Grande.
A cyclone of tropical storm strength passes near Puerto Rico, on average, every five years. [14] A hurricane passes in the vicinity of the island, on average, every 11 years. Two Category 5 hurricanes have struck the island since 1851: the Lake Okeechobee Hurricane of September 1928, and Hurricane Irma of September 2017.
El Toro Wilderness (Spanish: Selva El Toro) is a 10,254-acre (41.5 km 2) federally designated National Wilderness Preservation System unit located within El Yunque National Forest (formerly known as the Caribbean National Forest) on the Sierra de Luquillo in eastern Puerto Rico.
Puerto Rican moist forests are home to a variety of endemic animal species such as the critically endangered Puerto Rican amazon (Amazona vittata) and coquís (Eleutherodactylus spp.). Limestone forests are rich in land snail diversity, with many species restricted to small areas.