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2. Open-hearth furnace - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-hearth_furnace

   Open hearth furnace workers at the Zaporizhstal steel mill in Ukraine taking a steel sample, c. 2012 Tapping open-hearth furnace, VEB Rohrkombinat Riesa, East Germany, 1982. An open-hearth furnace or open hearth furnace is any of several kinds of industrial furnace in which excess carbon and other impurities are burnt out of pig iron to produce ...

3. Pierre-Émile Martin - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Émile_Martin

   Siemens-Martin open hearth furnace. The process of refining steel in a hearth, as developed by Pierre-Émile Martin, consists of smelting a mixture of cast iron and scrap or ore, then refining it by decarburization, desulfurization and dephosphorization. This method makes it possible to produce fine and alloy steels by adding noble elements.

4. Puddling (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddling_(metallurgy)

   The puddling furnace is a metalmaking technology used to create wrought iron or steel from the pig iron produced in a blast furnace. The furnace is constructed to pull the hot air over the iron without the fuel coming into direct contact with the iron, a system generally known as a reverberatory furnace or open hearth furnace. The major ...

5. Youngstown Sheet and Tube - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown_Sheet_and_Tube

   This plant contained four blast furnaces, twelve open hearth furnaces, several blooming mills, two Bessemer converters, a slabbing mill, a butt-weld tube mill, a 79-inch (2,000 mm) hot strip mill, seamless tube mills, and 9-inch (230 mm) and 12-inch (300 mm) bar mills at the Struthers Works. The Brier Hill Works consisted of two blast furnaces ...

6. Regenerative heat exchanger - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_heat_exchanger

   Siemens regenerative furnace. Later applications included the blast furnace process known as hot blast and the open hearth furnace also called the Siemens regenerative furnace (which was used for making glass), where the hot exhaust gases from combustion are passed through firebrick regenerative chambers, which are thus heated. The flow is then ...

7. Gilchrist–Thomas process - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilchrist–Thomas_process

   After having favored the spectacular growth of the Lorraine iron and steel industry, the process progressively faded away in front of the Siemens-Martin Open-hearth furnace, which also used the benefit of basic refractory lining, before disappearing in the mid-1960s: with the development of gas liquefaction and the cryogenic separation of O 2 ...