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Proteus syndrome is a rare genetic disorder [1] that can cause tissue overgrowth involving all three embryonic lineages. Patients with Proteus syndrome tend to have an increased risk of embryonic tumor development. [2] The clinical symptoms and radiographic findings of Proteus syndrome are highly variable, as are its orthopedic manifestations ...
The disease belongs to a family of hamartomatous polyposis syndromes, which also includes Peutz–Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis and Cowden syndrome. Mutation of the PTEN gene underlies this syndrome, as well as Cowden syndrome, Proteus syndrome, and Proteus-like syndrome, these four syndromes are referred to as PTEN Hamartoma-Tumor ...
Children with some overgrowth syndromes such as Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome can be readily detectable at birth. [3] In contrast, other overgrowth syndromes such as Proteus syndrome usually present in the postnatal period, characteristically between the second and third year of life. [2]
Elephantiasis, often incorrectly called elephantitis, is the enlargement and hardening of limbs or body parts due to tissue swelling (). [1] [2] It is characterised by edema, hypertrophy, and fibrosis of skin and subcutaneous tissues, due to obstruction of lymphatic vessels (). [2]
Benign tumor growth causes a mass effect that can compress neighboring tissues. This can lead to nerve damage, blood flow reduction ( ischemia ), tissue death ( necrosis ), or organ damage. The health effects of benign tumor growth may be more prominent if the tumor is contained within an enclosed space such as the cranium , respiratory tract ...
CLOVES syndrome is closely linked to other overgrowth disorders like proteus syndrome, Klippel–Trénaunay syndrome, Sturge–Weber syndrome, and hemihypertrophy, to name a few. 'CLOVES' is an acronym for: [2] [3] C is for congenital. L is for lipomatous, which means pertaining to or resembling a benign tumor made up of mature fat cells. Most ...
Proteus-like syndrome (PLS) is a condition similar to Proteus syndrome, but with an uncertain cause. [1] It's characterized by skeletal and hamartous overgrowth of multiple tissues, nevi in cerebriform connective tissue, blood vessel malformations and linear epidermal nevi. [2] [3]
Neurofibromatosis type 1 in early life may cause learning and behavior problems – about 60% of children who have NF1 have mild difficulty in school. [7] Signs the individual might have are as follows: [8] [9] Six or more light brown dermatological spots ("café au lait spots") At least two neurofibromas; At least two growths on the eye's iris