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Coin of Pescennius Niger, a Roman usurper who claimed imperial power AD 193–194. Legend: IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG. While the imperial government of the Roman Empire was rarely called into question during its five centuries in the west and fifteen centuries in the east, individual emperors often faced unending challenges in the form of usurpation and perpetual civil wars. [30]
The period of the "Five Good Emperors" saw a successions of peaceful years and the Empire was prosperous. Each emperor of this period was adopted by his predecessor. The Nerva–Antonine dynasty was a dynasty of seven consecutive Roman Emperors who ruled over the Roman Empire from 96 to 192. These Emperors are Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus ...
The first five of these are commonly known as the "Five Good Emperors". The first five of the six successions within this dynasty were notable in that the reigning emperor did not have a male heir, and had to adopt the candidate of his choice to be his successor. Under Roman law, an adoption established a bond legally as strong as that of kinship.
Romans benefited from large profits, and incomes in the Roman empire were raised due to trade in the Mediterranean. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] As the Pax Romana of the western world by Rome was largely contemporaneous to the Pax Sinica of the eastern world by Han China , [ 16 ] [ 17 ] long-distance travel and trade in Eurasian history was significantly ...
For the first three hundred years of Roman emperors, efforts were made to portray the emperors as leaders of the Republic, fearing any association with the kings who ruled Rome prior to the Republic. From Diocletian , whose reformed tetrarchy divided the position into one emperor in the West and one in the East , emperors ruled in an openly ...
It was after this victory in 31 BC that Octavian became master of the Roman world and imperator (emperor). His declaration of the end of the Civil Wars that had started under Julius Caesar marked the historic beginning of the Roman Empire, and the Pax Romana. Octavian at this point was given the title Augustus ("the venerable") by the Roman Senate.
Many consider Augustus to be Rome's greatest emperor; his policies certainly extended the empire's life span and initiated the celebrated Pax Romana or Pax Augusta. The Roman Senate wished subsequent emperors to "be more fortunate than Augustus and better than Trajan". Augustus was intelligent, decisive, and a shrewd politician, but he was not ...
Latin Emperor: Holy Roman Empire: 800–1806 Imperator: Holy Roman Emperor: Avar Khaganate: 567–822 Khagan ("Great Khan") Bulgarian Empire 913–1018 1185–1396 Tsar: List of Bulgarian monarchs: Serbian Empire: 1346–1373 Tsar: List of Serbian monarchs: Russian Tsardom: 1547–1721 Tsar: List of Russian monarchs: Russian Empire: 1721–1917 ...