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A cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) (also known as tumour-associated fibroblast; carcinogenic-associated fibroblast; activated fibroblast) is a cell type within the tumor microenvironment that promotes tumorigenic features by initiating the remodelling of the extracellular matrix or by secreting cytokines.
Histopathologically, FMTs consist of neoplastic connective tissue cells which have differented into cells that have microscopic appearances resembling fibroblasts and/or myofibroblasts. The fibroblastic cells are characterized as spindle-shaped cells with inconspicuous nucleoli that express vimentin , an intracellular protein typically found in ...
They occur more often in women; the male to female ratio is about 1:4. [6] The age group in which they most commonly occur is 20 to 45 years. Some physicians and researchers believe dermatofibromas form as a reaction to previous injuries such as insect bites or thorn pricks. [6] They are composed of disordered collagen laid down by fibroblasts.
Medical imaging may suggest but cannot prove that a tumor is MFB. Mammography, computed tomography scans, and magnetic resonance imaging of mammary [1] [12] and extramammary [1] [13] MFB typically show well-defined and well-circumscribed tumors which in almost all cases have no calcifications; these results suggest that the tumor is not malignant but do not indicate which type it might be.
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a rare bone marrow blood cancer. [1] It is classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a type of myeloproliferative neoplasm, a group of cancers in which there is activation and growth of mutated cells in the bone marrow. This is most often associated with a somatic mutation in the JAK2, CALR, or MPL genes.
While breast cancer is still most common in middle-aged and older women, according to the American Cancer Society, recent research shows that rates have increased in younger women over the past ...
But one woman is not 100% happy with the "save the boobies" message. 36-year-old Jenn Alter is currently in remission from breast cancer, and wants the world to see what the disease actually looks ...
Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (cSCC), also known as squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin or squamous-cell skin cancer, is one of the three principal types of skin cancer, alongside basal-cell carcinoma and melanoma. [10] cSCC typically presents as a hard lump with a scaly surface, though it may also present as an ulcer. [1]