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Aortic stenosis is most commonly caused by age-related progressive calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) (>50% of cases), with a mean age of 65 to 70 years. CAVD is the build-up of calcium on the cusps of the valve, and this calcification causes hardening and stenosis of the valve. [22]
Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency (AI), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. As a consequence, the cardiac muscle is forced to work harder than normal.
Usually, the aortic valve opens to about 3-4 cm2, but with stenosis it can become less than 1 cm2. This is usually caused by mechanical stress over time, which damages endothelial cells around the valves, causing fibrosis and calcification, which hardens the valve and makes it more difficult to open completely.
Feeling like you’re going to pass out when standing up or doing minimal activity is a very dangerous sign of aortic stenosis — a narrowing of the aortic valve opening, London says.
Aortic valve stenosis is the most common cause of LVOTO. Aortic valve stenosis means the aortic valve has narrowed and is not opening freely. The aortic valve opens to allow blood to flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. Stenosis here leads to a narrowing of the passage for blood to flow out of the left ventricle, thus a LVOTO.
Calcification of the leaflets of the aortic valve is a common with increasing age, but the mechanism is likely to be more related to increased lipoprotein deposits and inflammation than the "wear and tear" of advance age. [17] Aortic stenosis due to calcification of tricuspid aortic valve with age [16] comprises >50% of the
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