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[10] [11] vector<bool> does not meet the requirements for a C++ Standard Library container. For instance, a container<T>::reference must be a true lvalue of type T. This is not the case with vector<bool>::reference, which is a proxy class convertible to bool. [12] Similarly, the vector<bool>::iterator does not yield a bool& when dereferenced.
Key uniqueness: in map and set each key must be unique. multimap and multiset do not have this restriction. Element composition: in map and multimap each element is composed from a key and a mapped value. In set and multiset each element is key; there are no mapped values. Element ordering: elements follow a strict weak ordering [1]
The strings over an alphabet, with the concatenation operation, form an associative algebraic structure with identity element the null string—a free monoid. Sets of strings with concatenation and alternation form a semiring, with concatenation (*) distributing over alternation (+); 0 is the empty set and 1 the set consisting of just the null ...
A string is defined as a contiguous sequence of code units terminated by the first zero code unit (often called the NUL code unit). [1] This means a string cannot contain the zero code unit, as the first one seen marks the end of the string. The length of a string is the number of code units before the zero code unit. [1]
The std::string class is the standard representation for a text string since C++98. The class provides some typical string operations like comparison, concatenation, find and replace, and a function for obtaining substrings. An std::string can be constructed from a C-style string, and a C-style string can also be obtained from one. [7]
In this example a background image, a sprite, and a 1-bit mask are used. As the mask is 1-bit, there is no possibility for partial transparency via alpha blending . A loop that examines each bit in the mask and copies the pixel from the sprite only if the mask is set will be much slower than hardware that can apply exactly the same operation to ...
Merge these n arrays with the k-way merge algorithm. The resulting array is sorted and the algorithm has a running time in O ( n f( n )). This is a contradiction to the well-known result that no comparison-based sorting algorithm with a worst case running time below O ( n log n ) exists.
Set the corresponding pixel to 0 in Image. A vector (Index) is updated with all the neighboring pixels of the currently set pixels. Unique pixels are retained and repeated pixels are removed. Set the pixels indicated by Index to mark in the connected-component matrix. Increment the marker for another object in the image.