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Stroke; Other names: Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), cerebrovascular insult (CVI), cerebrovascular lesion (CVL), brain attack: CT scan of the brain showing a massive, prior right-sided ischemic stroke from blockage of an artery.
Cerebral infarction, also known as an ischemic stroke, is the pathologic process that results in an area of necrotic tissue in the brain (cerebral infarct). [1] In mid to high income countries, a stroke is the main reason for disability among people and the 2nd cause of death. [2]
The most common presentation of cerebrovascular disease is an ischemic stroke or mini-stroke and sometimes a hemorrhagic stroke. [2] Hypertension (high blood pressure) is the most important contributing risk factor for stroke and cerebrovascular diseases as it can change the structure of blood vessels and result in atherosclerosis . [ 5 ]
One in six deaths from cardiovascular disease in the United States is due to stroke, and over 100 million people worldwide have had a stroke, which is a leading cause of serious long-term disability.
Pure motor stroke/hemiparesis (most common lacunar syndrome: 33–50%) posterior limb of the internal capsule , basilar part of pons , corona radiata It is marked by hemiparesis or hemiplegia that typically affects the face, arm, or leg of the side of the body opposite the location of the infarct.
This leads to poor oxygen supply or cerebral hypoxia and thus leads to the death of brain tissue or cerebral infarction/ischemic stroke. [2] It is a sub-type of stroke along with subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage. [3] Ischemia leads to alterations in brain metabolism, reduction in metabolic rates, and energy crisis. [4]