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This slows down communication between neurons and the nervous system. [13] Unlike benzodiazepines, which increase the frequency of the chloride channel opening, carisoprodol increases the duration of channel opening when GABA is bound. [14] [15] GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, which causes its depressant effects.
Despite cytokines often being too large to pass through the blood-brain barrier alone, [78] their effect on the central nervous system (CNS) can happen with cytokines entering the CNS in areas where the blood-brain barrier is permeable, by being carried across the blood-brain barrier, or by binding with the cerebral vascular endothelium ...
Exposure to light also targets the serotonergic system, providing more support for the important role this system may play in depression. [27] Sleep deprivation and light therapy both target the same brain neurotransmitter system and brain areas as antidepressant drugs, and are now used clinically to treat depression. [28]
Depressants reduce, or depress, activity and stimulation in the central nervous system. This category encompasses a spectrum of substances with sedative, soporific, and anesthetic properties, and include sedatives , hypnotics , and opioids .
A stimulant is a drug that stimulates the central nervous system, increasing arousal, attention and endurance. Stimulants are used in psychiatry to treat attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder . Because the medications can be addictive, patients with a history of drug abuse are typically monitored closely or treated with a non-stimulant.
Central nervous system (CNS) depression is a physiological state that can result in a decreased rate of breathing, decreased heart rate, and loss of consciousness, possibly leading to coma or death. It is the result of inhibited or suppressed brain activity .