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An antihypotensive, also known as vasopressor, is an agent that raises blood pressure by constricting blood vessels, thereby increasing systemic vascular resistance. This is different from inotropes which increase the force of cardiac contraction. Some substances do both (e.g. dopamine, dobutamine).
Terlipressin and related analogues are used as vasoconstrictors in certain conditions. Use of vasopressin analogues for esophageal varices commenced in 1970. [7] Vasopressin infusions are also used as second line therapy in septic shock patients not responding to fluid resuscitation or infusions of catecholamines (e.g., dopamine or norepinephrine).
551 11998 Ensembl ENSG00000101200 ENSMUSG00000037727 UniProt P01185 P35455 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000490 NM_009732 RefSeq (protein) NP_000481 NP_033862 Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 3.08 – 3.08 Mb Chr 2: 130.42 – 130.42 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Human vasopressin, also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) or argipressin, is a hormone synthesized ...
Vasopressors are defined as agents that combat vasodilatory shock by inducing peripheral vasoconstriction. Commonly used vasopressors include catecholamine (e.g., dopamine , norepinephrine , epinephrine ) and non-catecholamine (e.g., vasopressin ).
Norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and phenylephrine contribute mainly through their vasopressor (vasoconstrictive) functions to constrict blood vessels to correct hypotension. Whereas, dobutamine , milrinone , enoximone , and levosimendan , act to restore the heart’s pumping function. [ 80 ]
Common vasopressors used in shock include: norepinephrine, phenylephrine, dopamine, and dobutamine. There is no evidence of substantial benefit of one vasopressor over another; [36] however, using dopamine leads to an increased risk of arrhythmia when compared with norepinephrine. [37]
Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) is another vasopressor often used in combination with norepinephrine [10] Certain vasopressors ( ephedrine , norepinephrine ). Norepinephrine (Levophed) is the most common first-line vasopressor for people who don't respond well to other hypotension treatments such as fluid resuscitation.
Most commonly VRAs are used to treat hyponatremia caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), congestive heart failure (CHF) and cirrhosis. [2] Somatostatin is a competitive inhibitor. [5] Normally, when osmolality falls below its set point, plasma vasopressin levels become undetectable, and an aquaresis results.