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The Enlightenment in America (1978) Oxford University Press, US, ISBN 0-19-502367-6; the standard survey; May, Henry F. The Divided Heart: Essays on Protestantism and the Enlightenment in America (Oxford UP 1991) online; McDonald, Forrest Novus Ordo Seclorum: Intellectual Origins of the Constitution (1986) University Press of Kansas, ISBN 0 ...
While the ideas of unalienable rights, the separation of powers and the structure of the Constitution were largely influenced by the European Enlightenment thinkers, like Montesquieu, John Locke and others, [82] [100] [101] Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson still had reservations about the existing forms of government in Europe. [102]
Polish–Lithuanian Constitution of 1791, Europe's first modern constitution. Enlightenment ideas (oĊwiecenie) emerged late in Poland, as the Polish middle class was weaker and szlachta (nobility) culture together with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth political system (Golden Liberty) were in deep crisis.
Drawing from Enlightenment philosophy, the phrase reflects the influence of John Locke's second treatise on government, particularly his belief in the inherent equality and individual liberty. Similar ideas can be traced back to earlier works, including medieval and classical sources, which emphasized the dignity and worth of all human beings.
The book also included translations of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, the U.S. Constitution and the constitutions of five U.S. states. [153] It subsequently circulated widely in South America and through it Uruguayan national hero José Gervasio Artigas became familiar with and embraced Paine's ideas.
Amendments to the Constitution subsequent to the Bill of Rights cover a wide range of subjects. Several have added significant content to the original document. One of the most far-reaching is the Fourteenth, ratified in 1868, which establishes a clear and simple definition of citizenship and guarantees
Louisiana's Constitution has now been amended 213 times since it was ratified in 1974. ... Following is an abridged explanation of the amendments from the Public Affairs Research Council of ...
The Constitutional Convention took place in Philadelphia from May 25 to September 17, 1787. [1] Although the convention was intended to revise the league of states and first system of government under the Articles of Confederation, [2] the intention from the outset of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison of Virginia and Alexander Hamilton of New York, was to create a new ...