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A wide variety of HPV types can cause genital warts, but types 6 and 11 together account for about 90% of all cases. [35] [36] However, in total more than 40 types of HPV are transmitted through sexual contact and can infect the skin of the anus and genitals. [4] Such infections may cause genital warts, although they may also remain asymptomatic.
ThinPrep pap smear with group of normal cervical cells on left and HPV-infected cells showing features typical of koilocytes: enlarged (x2 or x3) nuclei and hyperchromasia. A koilocyte is a squamous epithelial cell that has undergone a number of structural changes, which occur as a result of infection of the cell by human papillomavirus (HPV). [1]
For example, human papillomavirus (HPV) type 1 tends to infect the soles of the feet, and HPV type 2 the palms of the hands, where they may cause warts. Additionally, there are descriptions of the presence of papillomavirus DNA in the blood and in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells .
From shaking hands to sharing towels at the pool, hand warts are easily spread.
Squamous cell papilloma of the mouth or throat is generally diagnosed in people between the ages of 30 and 50, [1] and is normally found on the inside of the cheek, on the tongue, or inside of lips. Oral papillomas are usually painless, and not treated unless they interfere with eating or are causing pain. [ 1 ]
Genital warts, histopathologically, characteristically rise above the skin surface due to enlargement of the dermal papillae, have parakeratosis and the characteristic nuclear changes typical of HPV infections (nuclear enlargement with perinuclear clearing). DNA tests are available for diagnosis of high-risk HPV infections.
When used without context, it frequently refers to infections (squamous cell papilloma) caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), such as warts. Human papillomavirus infection is a major cause of cervical cancer , vulvar cancer , vaginal cancer , penis cancer , anal cancer , and HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers .
They are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). [2] A break in the skin is required for infection to occur. [2] Risk factors include use of communal showers, having had prior warts, and poor immune function. [2] [3] Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms. [3] Treatment is only needed if it is causing symptoms. [3]