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Achieving this involves mourning the loss of the idealised object, and associated depressive anxieties. Klein described development as proceeding through two phases: the paranoid-schizoid position and the depressive position. [3] In the paranoid-schizoid position, the main anxiety is paranoia and hypochondria, and the fear is for the self.
Depressive anxiety is a term developed in relation to the depressive position by Melanie Klein, building on Freud's seminal article on object relations of 1917, 'Mourning and Melancholia'. [1] Depressive anxiety revolved around a felt state of inner danger produced by the fear of having harmed good internal objects [ 2 ] - as opposed to the ...
The term reparation was used by Melanie Klein (1921) to indicate a psychological process of making mental repairs to a damaged internal world. [1] In object relations theory, it represents a key part of the movement from the paranoid-schizoid position to the depressive position — the pain of the latter helping to fuel the urge to reparation.
Paranoid anxiety is a term used in object relations theory, particularly in discussions about the Paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions. The term was frequently used by Melanie Klein, [1] [2] especially to refer to a pre-depressive and persecutory sense of anxiety characterised by the psychological splitting of objects. [3]
Melanie Klein (née Reizes; 30 March 1882 – 22 September 1960) was an Austrian-British author and psychoanalyst known for her work in child analysis.She was the primary figure in the development of object relations theory.
Object relations theory is a school of thought in psychoanalytic theory and psychoanalysis centered around theories of stages of ego development. Its concerns include the relation of the psyche to others in childhood and the exploration of relationships between external people, as well as internal images and the relations found in them. [1]
Furthermore, his developmental model includes Kernberg's view about drives, in which he differs from Freud. Kernberg was obviously inspired by Melanie Klein, whose model draws mainly on the paranoid-schizoid position and on the depressive position. More elaborate information on Kernberg's ideas can be found in a recent publication by Cohen M ...
He was known for his role in the popularization and explication of the work of Melanie Klein and Wilfred Bion. [1] [2] Among other topics, he expanded on Klein's notions of the paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions.