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Tube cap color or type in order of draw Additive Usage and comments Blood culture bottle: Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (anticoagulant) and growth media for microorganisms: Usually drawn first for minimal risk of contamination. [1] Two bottles are typically collected in one blood draw; one for aerobic organisms and one for anaerobic organisms ...
Bilirubin (BR) (from the Latin for "red ") is a red-orange compound that occurs in the normcomponent of the straw-yellow color in urine. [3] Another breakdown product, stercobilin, causes the brown color of feces. Although bilirubin is usually found in animals rather than plants, at least one plant species, S, is known to contain the pigment. [4]
Van den Bergh reaction is a chemical reaction used to measure bilirubin levels in blood. [1] [2] More specifically, it determines the amount of conjugated bilirubin in the blood. The reaction produces azobilirubin. Principle: bilirubin reacts with diazotised sulphanilic acid to produce purple coloured azobilirubin. [3]
The tubes have micronized silica particles which help clot the blood before centrifugation, and a gel at the bottom which separates whole blood cells from serum. [1] Silica nanoparticles induce coagulation through contact activation of coagulation factor XII (Hageman factor). [ 2 ]
Gmelin's test is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of bile pigments in urine.It is named after Leopold Gmelin, who introduced the test. [1] [2] [3] Five millilitres of urine is slowly added to five millilitres of concentrated nitric acid in a test-tube.
A vacutainer blood collection tube is a sterile glass or plastic test tube with a colored rubber stopper creating a vacuum seal inside of the tube, facilitating the drawing of a predetermined volume of liquid. Vacutainer tubes may contain additives designed to stabilize and preserve the specimen prior to analytical testing.
Conjugated bilirubin is normally stored in the gallbladder as a constituent of bile and is excreted through the intestines; it does not occur at detectable levels in the urine. [81] The presence of bilirubin in the urine (termed bilirubinuria) occurs as a consequence of high blood levels of conjugated bilirubin in liver disease or bile duct ...
Unconjugated bilirubin is a breakdown product of heme (a part of hemoglobin in red blood cells). The liver is responsible for clearing the blood of unconjugated bilirubin, by 'conjugating' it (modified to make it water-soluble) through an enzyme named UDP-glucuronyl-transferase. When the total bilirubin level exceeds 17 μmol/L, it indicates ...