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It is known as the cotton bollworm, corn earworm, Old World (African) bollworm, or scarce bordered straw (the lattermost in the UK, where it is a migrant). [2] [1] The larvae feed on a wide range of plants, including many important cultivated crops. It is a major pest in cotton and one of the most polyphagous and cosmopolitan pest species.
China first planted Bt cotton in 1997 specifically in response to an outbreak of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, that farmers were struggling to control with conventional pesticides. [9] Similarly in India and the US, Bt cotton initially alleviated the issues with pests whilst increasing yields and delivering higher profits for farmers.
Since it is polyphagous (feeds on many different plants) during the larval stage, the species has been given many different common names, including the cotton bollworm and the tomato fruitworm. It also consumes a wide variety of other crops. [2] The species is widely distributed across the Americas with the exception of northern Canada and Alaska.
Cotton bollworms are a significant pest of cotton. [1] "A major pest in hot countries of irrigated crops. Enters into a summer diapause when irrigated crops are not present and the soil and air temperatures are high. When the end of the dry season comes, the rain cools the soil and pupae come out of diapause." (Nibouche 2004)
Pectinophora is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae.Perhaps the best known species is the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). P. gossypiella is one of the world's most destructive insect pests that causes terrible damage to cotton bolls.
Novaluron has been shown to be highly active against a number of common pests, such as the Colorado potato beetle, whiteflies, African Cotton Leafworm, and cotton bollworm. Organisms that are closely related to these animals seem to share this susceptibility to the compound.
C. virescens was misidentified up until the 1920s as Heliothis zea, both of which are still referred to as heliothines or the “bollworm complex." The bollworm complex was described by the Ecological Society of America as “the nation’s most destructive and ecologically disruptive insect pest problem, costing the country over $1 billion ...
Helicoverpa is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae first described by David F. Hardwick in 1965. [1] [2] Some species are among the worst Lepidopteran agricultural pests in the world, and three species (H. armigera, H. zea, and H. punctigera) migrate long distances both with and without human transportation, mixing resistance alleles along the way.